United States Including Potential Climate -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The United States Including Potential Climate? Answer: Introduction Climate change is one of the main topics of the modern day. It is termed as the statistical distribution of the different weather patterns when that particular change takes place or lasts for a large period of time. Climate change can be referred to as the change in the average weather conditions of a particular place. Climate change is a natural phenomenon and occurs as a result of different factors like biotic pressures, solar radiation variation, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and most importantly by the different activities of the human being (Bhattarai Beilin and Ford 2015). However the last few years have changed the total scenario and human activities have turned into the main source of damage to the environment. The different types of Human activities have caused a substantial damage to the climate. The first variations have been seen in the physical systems of the planet by the melting of the poles. Melting of the poles is a serious and direct threat to the globe as the low lying coastal areas are in fear of losing most of their lands under water due to such a devastating effect. Apart from such changes the rise in the illegal mining, illegal constructions, deforestation have provided the much needed negative thrust that is leading into frequent earthquakes and flooding in different areas of the world. UN has predicted a bleak and dangerous future for the world if the current rate of change occurs in the same way. The following report prepared by the researcher has dealt with the change in the climate and its impact on Nepal (Chalise and Naranpanawa 2016). The researcher has conducted a detailed and compact survey to get an idea of the present issue that the country faces and to provide some necessary recommendations for the country to improve upon their climate. Climate Change and Sustainability Experts believe the presence of a dual relationship between sustainable development and the climate change phenomenon. Climate change has an influence on the key natural and human living conditions and therefore forms the basis of economic and social development of the country. The policies and regulations formulated by the government can be more effective in nature to make the national and regional development roads more sustainable in nature. The change in the climate of the country forces the people to think some other alternatives as because after a certain period of time the area will be unsuitable to stay. However a proper policy formulated by the government can be of great help to the country (Devkota Cockfield and Maraseni 2014). The change in climate must be controlled by the implementation of the different types of efforts to reduce the effects of pollution. Some of the top issues of climate changes are; Greenhouse gases- There are harmful gases in the atmosphere that acts in a similar way like the glass in the greenhouse acts. These types of gases prevent the heat of the sun from escaping the atmosphere of the earth. There are many such gases that occur naturally in the earths atmosphere but most of the gases present are as a result of the activities of human beings. These gases include the likes of Carbon di oxide, methane, Nitrous Oxide and many other gases. Carbon di oxide is the most common form of greenhouse gas present in the atmosphere of the globe (Gauchan et al. 2016). Global Warming- The global warming is one of the most common causes of climate change. Global warming refers to the slow rise in the temperature of the globe. Global warming can be harmful is mainly caused by human activities. The leading scientists on climate have explained that different activities that are performed by humans are usually the main sources of such emissions. Other Causes for rise in the emissions- Some of the other issues that are faced by the organization are; The burning of the fossil fuels especially the use of oil, gas and coal have a direct impact on the environment Deforestation is another main issue in the that leads to the absence of the natural absorber of CO2 from the organization The increase in the livestock farming has turned out to be the producer of excessive methane gas into the earths atmosphere The fertilizers that are used by the farmers in their fields produce nitrous oxide emissions. The amount of fluorinated gas has increased in the earths atmosphere in the last few decades. The use of the old technologies has led to the use of the increase in the different types of climate change in the countries Effect of Climate Change in Nepal The problems that the globe faces today due to a sudden draught, forest fires will be assembled together to spread the effect of climate change in the country. The researcher has taken the example of Nepal to carry on his study on climate Change. Nepal is a landlocked country surrounded by mountain on all the sides, the changes in the monsoon patterns depicts the inequality pattern existing in the country (Nagoda 2015). The Nepalese population has been coping autonomously to the current stresses and so it is the duty of the government to design and implement effective strategies to counter climate change and its negative effects in the mentioned country. The change in the climate has been characterized by different other problems and side effects that are very difficult to solve. Though Nepal has a very little contribution towards the effect of greenhouse gases the position of the country between the two rapidly growing economies of India and China have made them prone to the negativ e effects of climate change. The main problems lies with the rapidly retreating glaciers, a steady rise in the average temperatures of the country, some events like drought, floods etc have made the country one of the main sufferers of climate change. The government of Nepal must formulate a proper and effective strategy which will try to address all the different issues of climate change. Even a few years ago the effects of climate change in the mentioned country was not visible, but some illegal activities in the Himalayas, construction of dams, multipurpose projects and large scale deforestation were reasons enough for the change to occur. The mentioned country is largely a mountainous country and different experts have suggested in their research that such mountain regions are prone to an increase in the temperature. The following study has raised a warning bell for the different sectors of elements that contribute to the economy of the country. Apart from such problems, the biodiversity of the country has been also affected by the changes in climate. The flora and fauna life of the country has lost its earlier charm. The recent Earthquake in Nepal has been a clear example of the vast change (Nepal and Shrestha 2015). The deva stating earthquake has totally damaged the normal life of the country. The effects of global warming have taken a toll on the country and its natural life. Main Reasons behind Climate Change and its effects in Nepal The environmental degradation by climate change has posed a negative impact on the employment and working conditions of Nepal. As mentioned earlier global warming has been the main cause of the melting of the snow caps and the glaciers leading to floods and droughts. Each and every changes of the climate has been devastating for the country as because being a landlocked country it is very difficult for them to implement any necessary changes to avoid such degradation. The major impact of the climate that is believed to be the most important among all the other impacts is the rise in the mean annual temperature of the country. The most important types of effects are; Water The scarcity of water for a period of four to five months outside the monsoon seasons is one of the main negative factors of the country. Nepal faces too much rainfall in monsoon some time while low rainfall in other time. Change in rainfall pattern is one effect. Drying of springs, groundwater depletion, reduction in river flows, floods etc. The decline in the levels of water in the natural recharge of aquifers and the over exploitation of groundwater is another main cause of water shortage. Within Narayani River Basin: the level of groundwater dropped from 50 to 70 feet below ground level at few locations. The occurrence of Catastrophic Floods of Trans- boundary Nature have also become very common in the country Glaciers The rate at which the glaciers in the country are retreating has been estimated at 20 meter per year. The Main Rongbuk Glacier is the best example in such respect as it has lost almost 33o feet of vertical ice which can be said to be as 4 feet annually. The melting of snow and glacier might increase at a higher rate at the absence of a proper check on decreasing the global warming phenomenon. Change in ecosystem Global warming has taken its toll on Forest, rangeland, Wetland and Agro eco system. Lots of Himalayan and sub Himalayan species of flora and fauna are staring at extinction. It is high time for the world to bring a check on the global carbon emissions and stop global warming. Human Health The rise in prevalence of vector and water borne diseases has affected the quality of living. Mosquitoes are seen for last few years (about 47 years in average). Agriculture There has been a rise in the average temperature by more than 3 degree centigrade, predicted increase in the demand for water by 11% after keeping all the other parameters of water demand constant. New crops like mangoes, tomatoes, and other fruits and vegetables grow well, which was impossible few years ago due to cold in mountain. Some fruits bear less fruits with poor quality taste due to warm climate (Nepal 2016). Livestock also suffer speedy breathing due to heat. Boke flower started flowering a little earlier, but used to flower during September/October (tika). Flowers (e.g. gladiolus) that were not grown before grow very well. A tree species ? Korlinga, used to blossom together with rhododendron (around the mid May (Jestha), but this year it flowered 15 days earlier (End of April (Baisakh) month). Fish species like Asla will be affected more than others because it grows well in cold water. Natural Disasters There has been a constant occurrence of 21 GLOF events which accounted to an economic loss of nearly Rs. 1208 million per year. Biodiversity and Habitat Loss A large number of biodiversity and habitat loss has been noted which includes a minimum of 59 mammal species, 279 bird species, 35 of herpeto fauna species and 34 different fish species of which four of the species of mammals and seven different species of birds are seen to be extinct in nature. The deforestation levels of the country have also risen considerably. Socio-economic conditions Exploitation of mountain areas by diverse influences: agricultural systems, increasing reliance on mono-cropping, commercial logging and tourism enterprises (Palazzoli et al. 2015). Changes in snow patterns: affect tourism industry, cause enormous economic losses. Women of the rural areas work hard to only fetch water as water is very scarce in some hilly regions. The life of the women becomes tough just because the livestock needs to be moved to higher lands for greener pastures (Rasmussen et al. 2015). Effective Measures to Counter the Problem Effective monitoring and the evaluation of the different changes in the community resilience that arises from the development and climate change resilience will help the mentioned country to be smart and future oriented in protecting its people. The outburst of the Seti River in 2012 causing huge flash floods was the first such incident that showed the vulnerability of the country to warming climate. The government of Nepal was however reluctant to any changes and some large scale human activities, most of them illegal in nature proved to be the main damaging force for the country. The earthquake of 2016 was another major catastrophe that was bound to happen as a result of such activities. The sudden earthquake forced a major transformation to the strategies and the policies of the Government to tackle climate change and mitigate the risks of such large scale disasters. Some of the effective measures are; Decrease the use of personal cars- The last decade has saw an increase in the marketing of foreign cars in the country and thus leading to a rise in the number of new cars. The more the rise in the cars, the more is the carbon emissions from them. The rise in the carbon emissions have been a problem for the climate of the country (Sapkota et al. 2014). The decrease in the use of the personal cars will help the reduction in the emission of the harmful carbon in the atmosphere. The increase in the use of the public transport or pool services will help the country to cut down the emissions by a considerable amount. Putting an end to the large scale illegal activities in the country- As said earlier the country has been facing a recent change in the climatic patterns because of the illegal mining activities and the other illegal activities that are carried out in the country. Illegal mining activities are reducing the strength of the soil and are making them prone to earthquakes. Apart from such activities large scale clearing of the forests have also made the country vulnerable to climate change patterns. Use of the traditional methods to carry out agriculture- The use of traditional methods in the farming is often encouraged to reduce the otherwise harmful effects that may be initiated from use of modern agricultural methods. The use of traditional methods will ensure the reduction in the carbon emissions that might be emitted from modern day tractors and other machines (Sapkota et al. 2014). Nepal being a landlocked country can practice traditional methods to ensure safe and proper agricultural methods in production. The stoppage of illegal constructions in Nepal- The stoppage of illegal construction in Nepal must be stopped at the earliest as because illegal constructions of houses and other large scale projects like dams and multipurpose projects must be constructed keeping in mind a variety of different things like the soil quality, the flora and fauna of the region, the seasonal rainfall of the region and the climatic variation that such projects might offer to the area (Palazzoli et al. 2015). Conclusion The report has been able to highlight the different issues that Nepal faces and also the issues that they might face in the upcoming years as a result of the different climatic changes in the country. The researcher has also sorted out the effective measures for countering the problems accordingly. It is important for the country to check on the serious issues relating to the climate as because a number of disasters have already taken the toll on human life as well as the natural vegetation of the country. Therefore the country can ill afford to make such mistakes in the coming future to ensure its safety from natural hazards. References Bhattarai, B., Beilin, R. and Ford, R., 2015. Gender, agrobiodiversity, and climate change: A study of adaptation practices in the Nepal Himalayas.World Development,70, pp.122-132. Chalise, S. and Naranpanawa, A., 2016. Climate change adaptation in agriculture: A computable general equilibrium analysis of land-use change in Nepal.Land Use Policy,59, pp.241-250. Devkota, R.P., Cockfield, G. and Maraseni, T.N., 2014. Perceived community-based flood adaptation strategies under climate change in Nepal.International Journal of Global Warming,6(1), pp.113-124. Gauchan, D., Joshi, B.K., Sthapit, S., Ghimire, K., Gautam, S., Poudel, K., Sapkota, S., Neupane, S., Sthapit, B. and Vernooy, R., 2016. Post-disaster revival of the local seed system and climate change adaptation: A case study of earthquake affected mountain regions of Nepal. Nagoda, S., 2015. New discourses but same old development approaches? Climate change adaptation policies, chronic food insecurity and development interventions in northwestern Nepal.Global Environmental Change,35, pp.570-579. Nepal, S. and Shrestha, A.B., 2015. Impact of climate change on the hydrological regime of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra river basins: a review of the literature.International journal of water resources development,31(2), pp.201-218. Nepal, S., 2016. Impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime of the Koshi river basin in the Himalayan region.Journal of Hydro-environment Research,10, pp.76-89. Palazzoli, I., Maskey, S., Uhlenbrook, S., Nana, E. and Bocchiola, D., 2015. Impact of prospective climate change on water resources and crop yields in the Indrawati basin, Nepal.Agricultural Systems,133, pp.143-157. Rasmussen, R., Ikeda, K., Liu, C., Gochis, D., Chen, F., Barlage, M.J., Dai, A., Dudhia, J., Clark, M.P., Gutmann, E.D. and Li, Y., 2015, December. High resolution climate modeling of the water cycle over the contiguous United States including potential climate change scenarios. InAGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. Sapkota, A., Lu, Z., Yang, H. and Wang, J., 2014. Role of renewable energy technologies in rural communities' adaptation to climate change in Nepal.Renewable Energy,68, pp.793-800.